-ence
suffix (also -ance) uk/ -əns/ us/ -əns/
(ACTION)
（用于构成名词，表示行为）
used to form nouns that refer to an action or series of actions
violence (= violent actions) 暴力
a performance (= act of performing) 演出
(STATE)
（用于构成名词，表示某种状态或性质）
used to form nouns that describe a state or quality
her long absence (= period during which she was absent) 她的长期缺席