particle indicating that a previously asked question is to be applied to the preceding word ("What about ...?", "And ...?")

particle for inquiring about location ("Where is ...?")

particle signaling a pause, to emphasize the preceding words and allow the listener time to take them on board ("ok?", "are you with me?")

(at the end of a declarative sentence) particle indicating continuation of a state or action

particle indicating strong affirmation